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 1
Gerritsz, Hessel; de Laet, Ioannes.
Nova Anglia, Novum Belgium et Virginia + Bermuda majori mole expressa.
(New England, New Netherland, and Virginia, and Bermuda Drawn on a
Larger Scale) 1630.
This landmark work, the foundation map of New Netherland's printed patrimony,
places the Dutch claim in its geographic context between New England and
Virginia. The New Netherland name had prior to 1630 been featured on printed
maps of the entire American coast such as the one of Willem Jansz Blaeu,
ca. 1629. This map however is the first engraved map that focuses specifically
on New Netherland and the first one to name New Amsterdam and Manhattan.
Its publication date is twenty-one years after Henry Hudson's discovery;
sixteen years after Adriaen Block's detailed charting of the New Netherland
territory; and six years after the arrival of the first settlers on Governors
Island. Subsequently the colony spread out to Delaware, Connecticut and
the upper Hudson River. This transformed the region from being the prerogative
of patented private fur trading monopolies into the North American province
of New Netherland (1624). The New Netherland province's governance was
entrusted to the West India Company. Now, the laws and ordinances of the
provinces of Holland and Zeeland applied to the settlers.
Five years prior to the map's publication, construction of Fort Amsterdam
on Manhattan Island had begun and the founding of New Amsterdam had taken
place (1625). This is also the first map to use the place name Massachusetts.
In 1617 Hessel Gerritsz, publisher, hydrographer, cartographer and engraver,
had been sworn in as the first official East India Company map maker.
West India Company's director and chronicler, Johannes de Laet, featured
14 maps of North and South America produced by Gerritsz in the 1630 edition
of his 1625 book, The New World.
Joep de Koning
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 2
Blaeu, Willem.
Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova. (New Netherland and New England) Amsterdam,
1635.
This is the engraved version of Adriaen Block's 1614 manuscript map that
formed the cornerstone of the New Netherland claim from Cape Hinlopen,
just south of the Zuyd Rivier (Delaware River), to Nova Francia. However,
the name New England is added based on the 1616 John Smith map (backdated
to 1614) that formed the original New England claim. Block's original
naming of the Cape as New Holland is missing and Fort Good Hope, built
in 1632 in the Fresh (Connecticut) River on land purchased from the Pequots
has not been noted. Note that Hudson's river is here called Mauritius
River so named by Henry Hudson after stadholder (governor) Prince Maurice.
Ellis Island is prominently featured as Oesters (Oysters) Island suggesting
it to be a major transit point for trade with the natives west of the
river. Also prominently featured are Adriaen Block Eylandt and Hendrick
Christiaens Eylandt (today called Noman's Island) so named after these
first explorers who charted the region during their journeys of 1611,
'12, '13, and '14 The map is the first one to illustrate North American
animals, particularly the fur bearing kind that lured many traders. It
also depicts Indian canoes and villages. Block was the first European
to circumnavigate Manhattan and Long Island.
Joep de Koning
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 3
Jansz (Janssonius or Jansson), Jan (Johannes or Johan).
Nova Anglia, Novum Belgium, et Virginia (New England, New Netherland,
and Virginia) 1636.
This is the first state of Jansson's 1636 plate which was based on the
1630 copper plate cut by the cartographer, engraver and publisher Hessel
Gerritsz who produced the first engraved New Netherland map to also depict
Manhattan and Nieuw Amsterdam. Gerritsz 's map was published in the 1630
(second) edition of the book titled The New World written by Johannes
de Laet, a West India Company director, and first published in 1625. Although
now six years later, Manhattan is still depicted on Johan Jansson's map
as a triangle, and Long Island was still depicted as a trisected or "broken"
island, which was so named on the 1635 map of Willem Blaeu. Jansson's
map is merely a more glamorous, promotional map of the one produced by
Hessel Gerritsz in 1630.
In the next (second) state Janssonius changed the cartouche and when
the plate of this map was acquired by Gerard Valk and Peter Schenk in
1692, a third state with minor additions was published.
Joep de Koning
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 4
Goos, Pieter.
Pas Caerte van Nieu Nederlandt en de Engelsche Virginies, van Cabo Cod
tot Cabo Canrick. (Chart of New Netherland and the English Virginias
from Cape Cod to Cape Canrick [i.e. Hatteras].) 1666.
One of the most beautiful early charts of southern New England and the
Mid-Atlantic region. Some of the finest artistry of Dutch cartography
is found on sea charts. The most successful publisher in this field was
Pieter Goos, whose work was popular with both the practicing and armchair
sailor. This chart of the Northeast presents the elements that make his
work so highly desirable: excellent balance between embellishment and
map; realistic maritime detail (such as the sailor holding a navigational
instrument) mingled with baroque decoration; rich color; and fine paper.
The shapes of both Manhattan and Long Island are well rendered as are
the New Jersey shore and the Delaware Bay and River. Along the latter,
all of the Swedish and Dutch forts and settlements are shown. Early settlements
along the Connecticut shore (Gilfort, Stamfort, Stratfort, Milfort, etc.)
also appear.
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 5
Keulen, Johannes van.
Pas-Kaart vande Zee Kusten Inde Boght van Niew Engeland tusschen de Staaten
Hoekven C. de Sable Door Vooght geometra t'Amsterdam. (Chart of the
Sea Coast in the bend [of the Coast] of New England between Cape Cod and
Cape de Sable by Vooght [Mathematics Co.] in Amsterdam) 1684.
One of the earliest acquirable charts to focus on Maine and Northern
New England. Depths, hazards, and other navigation information are given,
along with a very decorative cartouche. The Van Keulen firm was the leading
Dutch chart maker for two centuries.
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 6
Speed, John.
A Map of New England and New York Sold by Tho: Basset in Fleetstreet
and Richard Chiswell in St. Paul's Church Yard // F. Lamb Sculp. 1676.
An English version of the maps of Jansson and Visscher. (See Map 3.)
This is one of the earliest maps to illustrate the dramatic shift from
Dutch to English dominance in the Northeast in the latter part of the
17th century. It does so by changing most of the place names from the
Dutch to the British names. For example, it was one of the first to use
the name New York for both the state (colony) and the city instead of
New Netherland and New Amsterdam as they were respectively named. New
Jersey and Boston are also named. It is also one of the few English maps
of the Northeast printed before 1700.
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 7
Homann, Johann Baptiste.
Nova Anglia Septentrionali Americae implantate (New England Situated
in North America) Nuremberg, 1724.
One of the few collectible maps of the Northeast of the early 18th century.
This attractive work is an interesting blend of older Dutch sources and
more recent English ones. The cartography of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket
is still quite distorted, but the coast of Maine is well detailed. The
outer portion of Cape Cod is severed by a strait in the area of Wellfleet.
New Jersey is divided into East and West Jersey.
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 8
Jansz (Janssonius or Jansson), Jan (Johannes or Johan).
Belgii Novi, Angliae Novae et Partis Virginiae (New Netherland, New
England and parts of Virginia) 1650.
This plate was engraved in 1650 based on a 1648 manuscript map that accompanied
a 1649 petition on the New Netherland Commonalty delivered by Adriaen
van der Donck to the States General (the governing body of the Dutch Republic).
It urged the Dutch Republic to negotiate with England the exact borders
between New Netherland and New England. Van der Donck's 1649 Remonstrance
provided all the arguments for the defense of New Netherland's territorial
integrity against New England's encroachment. He argued that the English
"contrary to the law of nations, regardless of right or wrong invaded"
New Netherland. He delivered the manuscript map (from which this map is
engraved) to the States General in order to support Adriaen Block's original
claim to New Netherland. He also called for a change in the North American
based province's governance and demanded the recall of Peter Stuyvesant.
The significance of this map lies in the fact that it illustrates a historic,
momentous decision - the first exercise of an American's legal right to
seek redress of a grievance to the highest governmental authority 143
years before ratification of that right in the First Amendment in the
Bill of Rights. To control effectively the province, economic and political
alliances with the natives were essential. The map, therefore, details
all the known Indian tribes of New Netherland. This map is the second
state, published about 1661 upon the 1660 knighting of De Raet to Baronet
by Charles II of England. The 1650 plate was altered to include only De
Raet's coat of arms. The map was later copied by Nicholas Visscher (in
1651) who added a view of New Amsterdam - copied from a Joannes Blaeu
engraving of 1650. Visscher's composite map was then newly engraved/copied
by Hugo Allard and Justus Danckerts in the mid-1650's.
Joep de Koning
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 9
Schenk, Peter; Valk, Gerard.
Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova. (New Netherland and New England.)
1694.
Janssonius sold his 1635 plate to Peter Schenk and Gerard Valk who added
a latitude and longitude grid to it in 1694. They also added border lines
on Janssonius's plate to introduce the concept of fixed borders between
New Netherland and its English neighbors. Using rivers as fixed borders
however was the European concept of natural borders where marauding armies
often had come to a standstill and peace treaties were signed. In Europe,
therefore, separate nations would often control the same river. This concept
was far removed from New Netherland's original claim that included control
of both sides of the Delaware River and the Connecticut River in order
to thus secure the fur trade for itself.
This is the 3rd state or last edition of Jansson's 1635 plate. Schenk
and Valk added their names to the plate.
Joep de Koning
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 10
Danckerts, Justus.
Novi Belgii Novaeque Angliae. (New Netherland and New England.)
mid-1650's.
This plate was produced in the mid-1650's, engraved as a copy of Nicholas
Visscher's 1651 composite map (i.e., the 1650 map of J. Jansson and the
1650 New Amsterdam view of J. Blaeu). It was subsequently updated to include
new place names and decorative touches not found in previous issues. It
is the most lavishly decorated of all the early editions of this 17th
century New Netherland map. The "Blaeu" view of New Amsterdam is the second
earliest [engraved] image of the city (the first one being in a Joost
Hartgers booklet). It was based on a 1648 pen-and-ink watercolor, which
was discovered in the Albertina collection of the Austrian National Library
in Vienna in 1991.
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 11
Montanus, Arnoldus
Novum Amsterodamum. (New Amsterdam) 1671.
This map was first published in Montanus' book De Nieuwe en Onbekende
Weereld published in Amsterdam in 1671. It depicts New Amsterdam as
it looked in 1651. Subsequently it appeared in a number of other books.
It is possibly based on a drawing by Augustine Herrman made in 1656 or
57.
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 12
Keulen, Johannes van.
Pas-Kaart vande zee kusten van Niew Nederland anders genaamt Niew York.
(Chart of the Sea Coast of New Netherlands Otherwise Named New York.)
1685.
A fine example of one of the earliest printed maps of Long Island, Manhattan,
and lower New England. The map is important because of the inclusion of
many names not occurring on other maps as well as for its large scale
inset map of the Hudson River, which is thought to be the first detailed
engraved map of that river. This complex engraving, which actually contains
three maps, also includes the earliest separate map of the Connecticut
River (called by the Dutch the Versche or Fresh River). Shelter Island
is both shown and named on the chart, possibly for the first time. The
map is an excellent record of the earliest Dutch and English settlements
along the Connecticut shoreline and in the New York City area ("Breukelen,"
"Hopoghan," "Ooyster Bay." "Tapaan"). The fort and settlements are shown
on Manhattan, but a large, fictional bay appears on the West Side along
the Hudson River. The chart has curious inaccuracies. Long Island is surprisingly
misshapen for the period, yet Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, which had
heretofore been poorly mapped, are both correctly named and, relatively
speaking, in correct proportion to each other as to size.
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 13
Ogilby, John; Montanus, Arnoldus.
Novi Belgii, quod nunc Novi Jorck vocatur, Novaeque Anglia et partis Virginiae.
(New Netherland, Which is Now Called New York, and New England and
Part of Virginia.) 1671.
A very attractive map with a large cartouche depicting Indians engaged
in hunting, preparing food, and other activities. It was the first map
in the Jansson-Visscher series on which the place names for New York City,
New Jersey, and Albany appear.
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 14
Ottens, R. & J.;
Totius Neo Belgii, nova et accuratissima tabula. (All of New Netherland
Newly and Most Accurately Drawn.) Amsterdam, 1720's
The copper plate of this map was produced by Hugo Allardt in the mid-sixteen
fifties (c. 1656) as a facsimile plate of Nicholas Visscher's 1651 composite
map (New Netherland map and New Amsterdam view). Allard erased the view
from the plate in 1673 and etched an entirely new view (the Restitutio
View) on it to celebrate the retaking of New Netherland by a fleet of
21 ships under the command of Cornelis Evertsen who retook New York for
the Dutch by disembarking 600 soldiers on August 23, 1673. He renamed
the city New Orange. The etching was done by Romeyn de Hooghe and the
initial 1673 text in the view translates to: "New Amsterdam previously
called New York and now recaptured by the Netherlanders on August 24,
1673". The 21 ships are clearly delineated. The baroque cartouche
declares grandiloquently the restoration of Dutch power over the New Netherland
province. A victorious Athena (goddess of war and peace, guardian of cities,
stands amid her supplicants, Indian and European, with a laurel wreath
in her outstretched hand. Meanwhile, Hermes, god of commerce and messenger
to the Olympians, tilts his caduceus (magic wand) in the direction of
tribute-bearing Indians. The view shows clearly the wall (Wall Street),
erected against a possible English attack, and built by Stuyvesant at
his own cost in 1653. It also depicts Broad Street (then a canal) and
Peter Stuyvesant's mansion at the end of Whitehall facing the East River.
During the Anglo-Dutch Westminster Peace Treaty of November, 1674, the
New Netherland territory was ceded to the English. Ottens bought the plate
from Hugo Allard's son, Carolus, and added his name to the cartouche.
Joep de Koning
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 15
Jansz (Janssonius or Jansson), Jan (Johannes or Johan)
Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova (New Netherland and New England). Amsterdam,
1647.
In this second version or state of Janssonius's map, issued in 1636,
he erased the original heart shaped cartouche and title of the first state
and replaced it with those found on Willem Blaeu's map of 1635. He thus
emphasized the prominence of New Netherland by now leaving out Virginia
and featuring the coat of arms of the Dutch Republic. Janssonius also
borrowed from Blaeu the animals and Indian village found on this map.
However, he retained without any change his original nomenclature.
Joep de Koning
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 16
Jansson, Jan; Visscher, Nicholas; Lotter, Tobias Conrad.
Recens edita totius Novi Belgii in America Septentrionali. (A New Edition
of All of New Netherland in North America.) 1757.
A spirited engraving, part of the Jansson-Visscher series, with the Restitutio
view of New York City in the lower right, so-called for its dramatic depiction
of the restitution of Dutch power in the City in 1673. Dutch soldiers
can be seen marching along the quay on their way to taking the fort. The
Dutch renamed the colony New Orange, but the restitution lasted only one
year. In 1674 the English retook New Orange, named it New York, and held
it until the American Revolution. The wall after which Wall Street is
named is visible in the right side of the view. A monarch, possibly George
II is being presented with the bounty of America atop the view.
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 17
Gastaldi, Giacomo; Ramusio J. B.
Untitled. (The Northeast/New York City) 1556.
The first printed map devoted to the New England region. It contains
the most accurate early delineation of the New York City area based on
the first European sighting by Verrazano. The map is a lively woodcut
filled with charming representations of Amerindians and their customs
as well as flora and fauna. These and other details on the map were drawn
from a letter written by Verrazano describing his voyage. The fact that
it was based on a written letter might account for its crudity, e.g. Cape
Breton is shown nearly adjacent to Buzzard's Bay. The peninsula "Angouleme
is Manhattan Island named after King Francis I who was the Duke of Angouleme.
The long mark parallel to the coast could be the Gulf Stream, the North
Atlantic drift, or simply shoals and shallows.
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 18
van der Aa, Peter; Smith, John.
Nieuw Engeland in Twee Scheeptogen door Kapitein Johan Smith inde iaren
1614 en 1615 bestevend. (New England as Described by Captain John Smith
in two voyages in 1614 and 1615.) 1714.
Published in van der Aa's Atlas nouveau et curieux, Leyden, 1714.
The map lacks many details but has a beautiful illustration of Dutchmen
trading with the Native Americans.
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 19
Wytfliet, Cornelius.
Norumbega et Virginia. (Norumbega [i.e. North America] and Virginia.)
1597.
A well-executed engraving depicting the northeastern American coastline
as it was perceived by European geographers one hundred years after the
discovery of the New World. Norumbega was a generic place name for all
of North America that fell into disuse shortly after this map was issued.
The map is one of the few published before 1612 that used the name Virginia,
which was applied to all the territories claimed by England. Although
New York Harbor appears on maps issued before this one, it is omitted
here.
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 20
Schenk, Peter.
Nieu Amsterdam, een stedeken in Noord Amerikaes Nieu Hollant, op het eilant
Mankattan: Namaels Nieu Jork genaemt, toen het geraekte in't gebiet der
Engelschen. (New Amsterdam, a Small Town in New Holland in North America,
on the Island of Manhattan, Renamed New York when it Became Part of the
Territory of the English) 1702.
New Amsterdam is shown it as it appeared in 1673. It was published in
Schenk's Hecatompolis. The view was copied from that found in the
lower right of map 14.
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